A reflective essay to reflect the feeling of pulse taking and tongue reading Essay Example for Free

A reflective essay to reflect the feeling of pulse taking and tongue reading Essay One of the earliest references to pulse diagnosis appears in the Huangdi Neijing, also known as The Yellow Emperors Internal Classic or The Yellow Emperors Classic of Internal Medicine. A passage in the book notes that, â€Å"In diagnosis, observation of the spirit and facial color, and palpation of the pulses, are the two methods that were emphasized by the ancient emperors and revered teachers,† which implies that the practical use of pulse diagnosis existed long before the Huangdi Neijing was written. Pulse and tongue diagnosis are two of the more important diagnostic tools in Chinese medicine. They are both used to derive a TCM diagnosis for your condition which is used to plan your treatment. Of the diagnostic tools, pulse diagnosis is one of the more important tools used in Chinese acupuncture and herbal medicine. While tongue diagnosis provides valuable clinical information, the pulse can be used to gain a deep understanding of the patient on many levels. Pulse diagnosis is the ancient art and science of detecting status of a persons body, mind and spirit. Even at basic levels, the pulse provides immediate and specific information that can help clarify contradictory diagnostic information and symptomology . The pulse can be influenced by factors like age ,in this case the strength and quality of the pulse will decline as a person ages ,or gender , Men are generally stronger on the left and Women are generally stronger on the right. Another factor is the season when you have a more wiry pulse in Spring time ,stronger in the Summer and deeper in the Winter. Tongue and pulse diagnosis are both used to derive a TCM diagnosis for your condition which is used to plan your treatment. Generally the tongue, is much easier to learn and less subjective than pulse diagnosis. It is less meridian specific than the pulse, however, the tongue will show the depth and nature (hot, cold, etc.) of an imbalance and it is less effected by short-term influences such as nervousness. The tongue is also useful as a measurement tool to gauge the progress of a disorder. I believe the TCM is about energy and energy function condition  medicine culture, it is more than construction medicine culture, the pulse diag nosis is a energy feeling diagnosis, no only a position touch feeling diagnosis. In an ideal situation, the pulse is taken in the morning while the person is still calm and rested. In actuality, however, the procedure usually takes place in the clinic during the initial interview. It is important to let patients who have just arrived rest for a while to allow the pulses to settle down. Otherwise, it would be easy to mistake a rapid pulse for a heat condition when it is actually due to the persons hurrying to make the appointment. This is one situation when sitting in the waiting room is to the patients advantage. From my personal experience in the clinic I can say some of the patients find pulse taking strange (on the first session) and also they seem to be a little bit uncomfortable when you ask to see their tongue. The pulse can be felt in a number of locations, the primary location is at the radial artery in the wrist. Each wrist has three positions that correspond to different organs. The left wrist corresponds to the heart, liver , and kidney yin .The right wrist gives information about the lungs, spleen , and kidney yang . In clinical practice, we have to always combine the pulse information with the whole picture derived from looking, listening, smelling, and asking. Through this process, traditional Chinese practitioners are able to accurately diagnose the patterns of imbalance in their patients without the help of laboratory tests or expensive diagnostic equipment. To make the patient feel more comfortable when the pulse is being take you must ensure you introduce yourself to the patient, explain the procedure answering any questions they may have, ask for their consent and also make sure they are sitting comfortably, with their arm rested. Sometimes what the patient says contradicts the pulse qualities, in which case the acupuncturist will want to ask more questions to get at the truth. Without the pulse diagnosis he wouldnt have known to ask more questions, to delve deeper, and might have done the wrong treatment. If the patient is taking medication, or just been taking strenuous exercise, pulse taking may not work. If the patient is under the influence of social drugs it may not reveal much. Some patients have arteries that travel on the thu mb side of the radial bone so you cant feel the pulse in the normal position. Some patients have pulses so small (itself a pointer to their health) that they are very hard to take. The  pulse quality often changes within a few seconds of inserting the needle in the right place. As the right treatment progresses, the pulse qualities and strength improve, so that the acupuncturist knows, from pulse diagnosis, that the patient will start feeling better soon. There are three positions a practitioner is looking for, and each position represents a different organ or part of the body. This is the reason we take the pulse on both sides, not just one. By taking the pulse, we can tell if patients eating habits are good, if they have a cold coming on, and if their energy is high or low. We can also take note of how your organs are functioning at that time. The tongue has a special relationship with the Heart, in that the Heart opens to the tongue. The tongue is said to be an offshoot of the Heart, or flowers into the Heart. The tongue, containing water, electrolytes, mucus, and enzymes, is a very sensitive organ and its appearance changes with many physical changes in the body. In Chinese medicine, the tongue is a map of the internal body. Like the face, the tongue is divided into five-element zones that correspond to your internal organ networks. The tongue reading it’s all about finding what areas are stagnated, which need to be nourished, which are getting too much circulation or too little circulation, too much energy or too little, and how to balance out the body so that everything is in harmony. When we use the tongue as a tool for analysis and diagnosis, we are looking at the shape, shadings, markings, wetness, texture and even the way someone sticks out her tongue. Having this knowledge can help describe the current state of a patient health, as well as his or her genetic tendencies. It is a diagnostic technique, and it can reveal an existing disease process and disclose many things about a person on many levels. All the organs and the entire body can be located on specific regions of the tongue. The beauty of tongue diagnosis is in its simplicity and immediacy. Benefits of tongue diagnosis include: assesses a person’s current health condition; informs the practitioner about the underlying cause of disease; is an accurate way of determining what is happening in the digestive system: liver, stomach, spleen, small and large intestines; reveals the stage and progression of a particular illness; reflects the quality of the circulation of blood, bodily fluids and essence; mirrors the condition of the bodily fluids, function of the organs, strengths and depth of the pathogenic factors in the  body; shows the quality of the individual’s energy production. A normal tongue should be pink, muscular without tooth marking or discoloration, and have a very thin clear coating that exhibits proper salivary secretions. Tongue diagnosis is more objective than pulse diagnosis, though pulse diagnosis takes a long time to master, while basic tongue diagnosis can be taught in a short period of time. Before examining the tongue for diagnosis, make sure the patient has not eaten pickles, cayenne pepper, curry and other hot things. They will temporarily turn the tongue red. It takes a few hours for the tongue to get its normal coat back after the person has scraped it as well. And smoking turns the coat yellow. From my personal experience in the clinic I can say it’s common to see thick tongues, purplish tongues, tongues with teeth marks in them and tongues with cracks in various places. I also have noted tongues with coats both white and yellow, sticky and thin. Primarily a preventive discipline, acupuncture, especially through pulse diagnosis, the acupuncturist can detect disturbances in the qi at the earliest possible stage, before disease develops and restores balance through acupuncture treatment and herbs. References : www.acupuncture.com www.yinyanghouse.com Walsh S. King, E. (2007) Pulse Diagnosis . Churchill Livingstone Chen, J.X. (2007) Chinese Medicine Study Guide: Diagnostics . Pulse Diagnosis .Dupler D. In: Krapp K, Long JL (eds.) Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group, 2001 Tongue Diagnosis in Chinese medicine by Giavanni Macciocia

Grendels Mothers Attack Essay -- Beowulf Grendel Mother Essays

Grendel's Mother's Attack In Beowulf, we see a number of elements throughout the poem. First, we see a pagan warrior society. In this society the relationship between a king and his thanes is key. It is a symbiotic relationship in which the thanes defend the king and his land and fight his wars. In return, the king provides for his men. He offers them such items as mailcoats, swords, helmets, gold rings, mead, beer, shelter and companionship. This society also places great value on kinship. If one's kin is killed, it is the remaining relative's duty to make the killer pay for the death, either with his own life or the payment of wergild (the "man price"). Finally, we see the recurrence of the pagan ideas of fate and courage. Men believe that fate controls their lives. Beowulf constantly tests fate and believes that through courage he can live on in the memory of those who will live after him. In the section of the poem dealing with Grendel's Mother's attack, we see the warriors settling down to sleep in Heorot after the huge celebration of Beowulf's victory over Grendel. They seem unaware of the fact that Grendel has kin who may come to avenge his death. Grendel's mother appears on the scene, snatches a man away and hurries back to the mere. When it is discovered a man is dead, sorrow is renewed. There is no more joy at Heorot, now that the she-monster has sought "payment" for the death of her son. Yet since she and her son are monsters, the thanes feel little sympat...

Marketing and Whirlpool Essay

1.What is the nature of Whirlpool’s domestic and international business environments? What types of risk does the firm face? As far as Whirlpool domestic and international business and its environment are concerned, it resembles a complex nature. However, it would be prudent for the sake of this case and it analysis that domestic and international market of whirlpool is defined and analyzed uniquely, so as to drive home the idea in each one of it for a far reaching understanding. To be precise in that capacity we feel that the degree of whirlpool domestic market alone defines an altogether different nature from its international market. In the simplistic sense from assimilating the given case, it is relevant to ponder upon the fact that domestic market of whirlpool is rather marked with intensive competition and challenges when laid emphasis upon from a macro and micro-economic aspects. Whirlpool domestic market is also faced with intense demands of its buyers in the domestic arena. There is reason enough that buyers should be demanding, given the uproar and stiff competitions from rival manufacturers which makes it so. Moreover, for a firm with an international presence buyer’s expectation in the domestic market is also rather extreme to a certain degree, and their behavior based on whirlpool products and its allied appliances at the domestic front also presents an altogether diverse perception and wide array of choice selection, given the presence of other manufacturing competitors that offers similar products and appliances for buyers. Given these features, it is relevant and cautious to conclude that the nature of whirlpool domestic market is marked by competition, challenges and most notably buyer’s perception and choice, which at the end of the day decides the nature of any given market. Secondly, considering the nature of whirlpool international market, we are of the opinion that whirlpool international marketing is focused on the global arena to reaps and harness the benefits that international market offers. From the given case it is clear that international marketing of whirlpool is rather hyper-active in a sense. To cite an example, the case of its international marketing operation that focuses on innovations, internal expansion and most importantly acquisition and tie-ups plus partnership designate the point to note. Add to it, given the stiff competition on the domestic front, whirlpool is quick enough to shift and focused its marketing on international market. What we can drive home the idea from assimilating these crucial facts of whirlpool international market environment and its nature can be laid emphasis to the point that whirlpool presence thereof served a different and altogether greater purpose. To drive the idea in that regard we can reason finally that the nature and characteristics of its international market is more standardized, risky, and presents a great variations in the uncontrollable environmental forces, which is not the case with domestic environment. Consumer’s behavior is also different, which presents a different picture altogether. Nonetheless, to differentiate the nature of whirlpool domestic and international market the primary differences can be laid emphasis upon marketing strategy. After all, international market is more risky, given the added complexities. Yet returns and scope from international market is much higher and the opportunity cost is also huge, which is why we feel despite the environmental risks whirlpool radiantly prefers internationalization for an altogether different ball game 2. How can Whirlpool benefit from going international? What types of advantages can the firm obtain? What advantages acquired abroad can help management improve Whirlpool’s performance in its home market? Going international have many unseen extremes and benefits. Marketing internationally present a wide array of opportunities, variations, scope, operation and strategic purpose and most importantly potentialities and market cap. Hence, considering the case of whirlpool, we are of the opinion that by going international the firm can primarily benefit abundantly from the so-called international market. Hence, it would be practical enough to list some advantages that whirlpool can obtain, which is as follows: International presence, global identity, brand recognition, and most importantly greater market cap, and large consumer presence. Secondly, acquisitions of other organizations as a means to further channelize and harness the innovation both intrinsically and extrinsically. Such an instance also can be cited from the given case study in which whirlpool is involved in the acquisition and merger Maytang Corporation, which further boosts whirlpool global demands for its brands, and readily the influence factor that can be harnessed to reaps the advantages from such a developments. Third in the instance is advancement in technology, process and operation that is emphasized towards innovations, standardization and most importantly international marketing strategy that focused on the bigger picture. To cite an example, substantial advancement, development and standardization in operations can primarily be reached through marketing internationally. Comparative management also can be harnessed to its advantages. To top it all focus on research and development in the backdrop of international marketing research also has a greater efficiency and effectiveness factor which is one of the many advantages and crucial for innovations and creativity to take roots. From assimilating the crucial aspects of marketing internationally, and concerning the case of whirlpool, there is reason enough that strategy can differs, however; the principle of marketing is same. In that essence, comparative management process can bring a load of factors to improve domestic market of whirlpool. Take for instance operational strategy. Another example is identifying and understanding cultural aspects, environmental factors and the likes to progress the firm in its home market. Add to it, innovations, marketing and sales procedures also in all circumstances can be taken as an emulated advantage so as to directly initiate in the domestic and home market for that performance factor for growth and progress. 3. What actions has Whirlpool management taken to ensure that the firm succeeds in local markets throughout the world? To what extent is the appliance business local/regional rather than global? As the case study relates and from comprehending the same we can drive home the point that various measure were initiated by Whirlpool management to boosts its local marketing throughout the world. To cite an example of the reflective actions, the case of acquisition, merger and brand advertisement that attends to local factors is one important measure undertaken by the management to ensure that the firm succeeds in local market. What is pertinent to note though is the fact that marketing process of whirlpool represents a top notch and in tune with the trends that is fast catching up in various local markets around the world. Though marketing strategy differs accordingly in tune with global market environment, however, the basic marketing principle is hugely in practices in all aspects. The tie ups, merger, acquisition, knowledge sharing, innovation in practices and operational methodology all in between sums up the strategy integrated by the management to ensure that operational processes of the firm in the right course and smooth functionality in all instance. Through its internationalization expansion mode, Whirlpool has harnessed the opportunities to its advantages in all circumstances. Moreover, local preference of the firm also reflects a cross-regional approach to reap the potentialities of R&D as far as marketing research in the local market though out the world is concerned. To top it all, though it’s marketing reach research, whirlpool have been effective enough to trace certain and specific influential element in its favor. Take for instance understanding behavior perception, expectation and attending to their satisfaction have been the bigger course measure undertaken by Whirlpool management in ensuring that local though out the world get a boosts and drive to perform in all aspects. But we can further argue that there is a certain degree in which Whirlpool appliances business and that which accord to it is somewhat localized or regionalized in a sense. Take for example the integrated measure undertaken by the firm marketing towards initiating sensitive measures and commitment to its consumers in a vast array of diverse cultural settings which translate into huge business returns that can be emphasized towards its appliances business which is local and regional in a sense, given that marketing internationally for whirlpool have been confined within designated market areas with unique marketing that have had a huge impact to whirlpool operational process internationally as well. 4. How can Whirlpool effectively compete with new rivals originating from low-cost countries, such as Haier from China? Should Whirlpool’s response differ in its home and foreign markets? If so, how? There is reason enough o ponder the fact and to relate that competitions and challenges always make a part of the whole process on internationalization. To top it all, by going international, stiff competitions from local manufacturer is further imploded in a sense. As the case relates to, competitions from rival manufacturer, especially from lost cost countries such as china have been the biggest challenges. In order for Whirlpool to do away with such challenges, it is recommended that its internationalization process should take stiff measures to reflect the firm core commitments towards its consumers in delivering value added products and services. After all, ‘consumers are king’ this phrase should be the basis to initiate innovations and any necessary strategy to encounter challenges. Thus there is every possible pointer and case to augment that Whirlpool response should be constant and that which attends to situational scenarios as and when it matters. In that essence, by differentiating products as per consumer preference, plus facilitating a standardization of Whirlpool global brand and harnessing its marketing mix tools to its advantage as and when the situations demands can have a long way to go and can be mirrored as a direct recourse to effectively compete from emerging rivals and competitors such as Haier from China, which is having its market presence in Whirlpool domestic market given its low cost appliances and hyperactive business process that taps every possible opportunities available.

Capital Punishment Should Be Abolished - 1115 Words

Every day, thousands of people around the world commit crimes. For a society to be kept well-maintained, people have to be punished for the crimes they commit. There are various ways people can be punished for their wrongful actions. Crimes that are less serious can result in jail time, house arrest, and/or having to pay fines. Crimes that are severe can lead to greater punishment, like spending life in prison. The most severe crimes can lead one to an equally severe punishment known as capital punishment. Capital punishment is the authorization to kill someone for the crime he or she has committed. Capital punishment, commonly referred to as the death penalty, should be abolished in all states because it can put innocent lives at risk, it costs millions of dollars each year, and killing someone, even if they have done wrong, is never the solution. The death penalty puts thousands of lives at risk each year. Without a confession from the person who committed the crime or an eyewitne ss from the scene of the crime, no one will actually know the truth of what happened. Since 1973, of all the inmates who have been put up for the death sentence, 111 of them have been let go from their sentence because they were found innocent (Witherbee, 2015, p. 5). Killing someone is never the answer, especially if there is no complete evidence. Witherbee (2015) states, â€Å"In recent years, we’ve seen more than a few instances of police who planted evidence, laboratory technicians who tookShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment Should Be Abolished965 Words   |  4 PagesHaesemeyer Advanced Studies English 9 7 April 2017 Capital Punishment Over the centuries, capital punishment has fallen in and out of public support. In several countries, the practice has been overruled by law. In others, it is simply not exercised. More than half of U.S. states still practice capital punishment for capital crimes. Often, innocent people are sentenced to death because of circumstantial evidence. Capital punishment should be abolished in all fifty U.S. states because of the severalRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Not Be Abolished1541 Words   |  7 Pagestime, if a person committed a severe crime, like murder or rape, they were executed to maintain peace in the community and to bring comfort to those who knew the victim. Capital punishment has been used in almost every part of the world, but in the last few decades many countries have abolished it. The issue of capital punishment has been a sensitive topic for nations attempting a careful balancing act between prisoner’s rights and legal defense teams and society’s la ws on cases of extreme gravityRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Not Be Abolished901 Words   |  4 Pagesgovernment (â€Å"Capital Punishment in the United States†). Capital punishment is being debated all over the world whether it is murder or justice for the crime they have committed. 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Especially coming from their own state the one that is supposed to protect their rights no matter what. Capital punishment should be abolished from the United States. The number one goal of the constitution is to protect the life of an individual and the death penalty passes by this. The death penalty is an easy way out of the crime, it is expensive, philosophers and even psychologists disagree with capital punishment and most important itRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Be Abolished Essay1293 Words   |  6 PagesApproaching the topic of capital punishment is difficult when looking at society as a whole. In the opinion stated by my class group, capital punishment should be entirely abolished due to the possibility of mistakes while sentencing. This idea relies on the basis that capital punishment has absolutely no purpose or benefit. Members of my group mistakenly used a utilitarianist point of view to argue their case, even though this view can be stretched to fit almost any argument. This paper will exploreRead MoreCapital Punish ment Should Be Abolished1439 Words   |  6 Pagesto outlaw capital punishment in America completely. We are meant to be better and bigger than this then why do w still have this barbaric law in practice it is inhumane, morally wrong and expensive. In my paper I will try to cover the taboo topic of capital punishment and why it should be abolished because if we as a society want to grow and advance in a sophisticated society we must abolish the death penalty all across the land. To begin with I must explain what capital punishment really is and

Myth Report Zeus Essay - 1547 Words

Kamelia Dineva Ms. Young ENG 2D1 Tuesday 5th, October, 2015 Myth Report: Zeus INTRODUCTION For more than 600 years, all the gods, goddesses, and heroes have been under the leadership of one certain god, Zeus (Kinsey 294). The exact time period that Zeus was born or when his ascend to the throne began is not known but there have been pieces of work that had possibly originated from 900 BC (295). There are many opportunities to celebrate the god, yet some that are more culturally tied to Greece are the Olympics. These are held every four years in honour of the god (301). There were other athletic contest that were held solely in honour of Zeus, they were held every two years at Nemea (301). The product that is being endorsed by Zeus is the â€Å"Ruling Remedy†. When someone drinks the potion, the person who drank the potion becomes the leader of all mortals, just like Zeus. The person can make any decisions and can order anyone, and that person has to obey. 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To cover up the birth of Zeus to Cronus, she wrapped a stone in swaddling cloths an d passed it off as Zeus to Cronus, who swallowed it. Zeus grew into a handsome young man on Crete and consulted the Oceanid Metis, on how to defeatRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1575 Words   |  7 Pagesgave a news report of a four-year-old girl, Rebecca Riley, who killed from â€Å"a toxic mix of psychotropic drugs prescribed by a doctor and administered by her parents† (Childress). Further into his article, he also stated that in any medical treatment within the United States, children had no right to decide whether or not to perform any procedure. It is shocking to see this problem exist in both Shelley and Pearson’s novel, yet the two stories written in a different era. 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The Battle Of Adolf Hitler And Joseph Stalin - 1917 Words

Introduction Operation Uranus took place November 1942 around the city of Stalingrad. The German sixth Army, fourth Panzer Division, and its supporting allies had been attacking Soviet forces in and around Stalingrad since August 1942. Many historians think Adolf Hitler viewed a win in Stalingrad as a political and symbolic defeat of the Soviets. During a meeting with Joseph Stalin in September 1942, Generals Vasilevsky, and Zhukov noted that the German sixth Army and the fourth Panzer Division flanks were thin and poorly equipped. The Generals came up with a pincer offensive attack designed to surround the German sixth Army and its subordinate commands in the city of Stalingrad. It took the Soviet Army 4 days to surround the Germans. Once the Soviets surrounded the Germans, they began to compress the German forces into the city, cutting off their supply channels and ultimately resulting in the German 6th Armies surrender. History On August 23rd 1939 Germany and the Soviet Union agreed, and signed a ten-year nonaggression pact. During the signing of the nonaggression pact, Adolph Hitler and Joseph Stalin held secret meetings and agreed to split Poland after its capture. Less than two weeks later, on September 1st 1939, Adolph Hitler Orders the German army to invade Poland from the north, in what many believe was the actual start of World War II. After the invasion of Poland, France and Great Britain declared war on Germany. On September 17th 1939, Stalin ordersShow MoreRelatedAdolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin1033 Words   |  5 PagesAdolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin are two of the most sadistic dictators of the past century. They both reigned terror in Europe during World War II. Fueled by rage and anger, Hitler and Stalin rose to power and exploited their beliefs throughout Germany and Russia. Stalin turned Russia into a Communist country while Hitler was turning Germany against Jews. 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Cognition and personality free essay sample

My goal in this paper will be to answers the question required based on the viewing of the movie â€Å"Rain Man†. Looking at the movie from a therapist view and not as a lay person, I will begin by giving a brief synopsis of the movie and move on to focus directly on my response to each question using the main character as my reference point. Synopsis â€Å"Self-centered, avaricious Californian Charlie Babbitt (Tom Cruise) is informed that his long-estranged father has died. Expecting at least a portion of the elder Babbitts $3 million estate, Charlie learns that all hes inherited is his dads prize roses and a 1949 Buick Roadmaster. Discovering that the $3 million is being held in trust for an unidentified party, Charlie heads to his home town of Cincinnati to ascertain who that party is. It turns out that the beneficiary is Raymond Babbitt (Dustin Hoffman), the autistic-savant older brother that Charlie never knew he had. We will write a custom essay sample on Cognition and personality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Able to memorize reams of trivia and add, subtract, multiply, and divide without a seconds hesitation, Raymond is otherwise incapable of functioning as a normal human being. Aghast that Raymond is to receive his fathers entire legacy, Charlie tries to cut a deal with Raymonds guardian. When this fails, Charlie borrows Raymond from the institution where he lives, hoping to use his brother as leverage to claim half the fortune. During their subsequent cross-country odyssey, Charlie is forced to accommodate Raymonds various autistic idiosyncracies, not the least of which is his insistence on adhering to a rigid daily schedule: he must, for example, watch Peoples Court and Jeopardy every day at the same time, no matter what. On hitting Las Vegas, Charlie hopes to harness Raymonds finely-honed mathematical skills to win big at the gaming tables; but this exploitation of his brothers affliction compels Charlie to reassess his own values, or lack of†. (the Movie data provided by AMGreof†) Define cognition and provide a description of the cognitive processes. In the movie the Rain Man Raymond is a great example of cognition and through out the movie you were able see this development processes unfold. Raymond is able to memorize reams of trivia, and add and subtract multiple and divide with out any effort. This would be stored information in Raymond’s Brain. Cognitive psychology is the branch of psychology that studies mental processes including how people think, perceive, remember, and learn. As part of the larger field of cognitive science, this branch of psychology is related to other disciplines including neuroscience, philosophy, and linguistics. The core focus of cognitive psychology is on how people acquire, process and store information. There are numerous practical applications for cognitive research, such as improving memory, increasing decision-making accuracy, and structuring educational curricula to enhance learning. The cognitive processes, commonly referred to as cognition, are the many processes working together in the formation of thought. Cognition helps us to acquire information and make conscious and subconscious conclusions about the world around us. Our five conventional senses are utilized in this complex process as a means of gathering information. What is the relationship between cognition and personality development? Cognitive development is the realization of a person, over time, of their psychological state and its change. A person is limited in their personality development by how much (in most cases, little) they are able to observe. For instance, if you are in your mid-twenties, think back to when you were eighteen. How much of your thinking has changed (that you are aware of)? Now, when you are forty, think back to when you are eighteen and repeat that question. If you are unable to see the difference between your mind when you were eighteen and your mind when you are twenty-five or forty years old, your cognitive development has been heavily stunted. However, your personality development has likely changed in some manner youre just not aware of it. In the Rain Man Raymond development has not moved in the area of development. How do parents influence a childs personality according to each theory: evolutionary, biological/genetic, and behavioral? A seemingly obvious fact about human nature is that our personality is influenced by our parents. Intuitively, it seems as if the way our parents raise us exerts an enduring influence on the nature of our personality. By teaching certain types of behavior and by punishing actions of which they disapprove, parents may significantly influence the behavioral and emotional styles of their children. This intuition, however, contrasts with a second one. Common knowledge tells us that siblings often differ greatly from one another. One brother may be outgoing, the other shy. One sister may be conservative, the other liberal. Since siblings have the same parents, and parents tend to treat their children similarly, such examples seem to suggest that parents’ style of child rearing might make little difference to the personality of their children. In the trait theories, the basic variables of the theory are people’s traits, that is, their â€Å"broad predispositions . . . to respond in particular ways†. Most trait theories try to identify a common set of traits that can be used to describe the personality of any individual. These trait theories rely on the statistical procedure of factor analysis to identify dimensions that can be used summarize individual differences in personality traits. Researchers using this technique commonly identify a set of five trait dimensions. These Big Five personality traits include ex troversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness to experience. Once one identifies a set of basic traits in this manner, a primary question is to identify where the traits come from. Why do some people have more or less of a given trait than others? Almost all trait theorists have sought biological explanations for variations in traits. People are seen to inherit a given level of a trait in the same way that they might inherit hair color or height. In the Rain Man it can be assumed that Raymond may have developed the trait of the skills he possess from his mother and father even though he is autistic, thus given into the theory that DNA plays a large part in our personality development. How does self-efficacy relate to personality? Self-efficacy has been described as the belief that one is capable of performing in a certain manner to attain certain goals. Psychologist Albert Bandura has defined self-efficacy as ones belief in ones ability to succeed in specific situations. Ones sense of self-efficacy can play a major role in how one approaches goals, tasks, and challenges. The concept of self-efficacy lies at the center of Bandura’s social cognitive theory, which emphasizes the role of observational learning and social experience in  the development of personality. Self-efficacy is directly related to health behavior, but it also affects health behaviors indirectly through its impact on goals. Self-efficacy influences the challenges that people take on as well as how high they set their goals Self-efficacy also affects how people respond to failure. ((psychology. com) Raymond is using the process of observational behavior as he is introduce to new things in his environment he absorb the behaviors and takes them on as his own,